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Anglo-Turkish piracy or the Anglo-Barbary piracy refers to the collaboration between Barbary pirates and English pirates against Catholic shipping during the 17th century.〔"The study of Anglo-Turkish piracy in the Mediterranean reveals a fusion of commercial and foreign policy interests embodied in the development of this special relationship" in ''New interpretations in naval history'' by Robert William Love p. ()〕〔"At the beginning of the seventeenth century France complained about a new phenomenon: Anglo-Turkish piracy." in ''Orientalism in early modern France'' by Ina Baghdiantz McCabe p.86''ff''〕〔''Anglo-Turkish piracy in the reign of James I'' by Grace Maple Davis, Stanford University. Dept. of History, 1911 ()〕 ==Anglo-Turkish collaboration== The Protestants and the Muslim "Turks and Berbers", more precisely the Barbary pirates, collaborated during that period against their common enemy, Catholic Europe.〔〔''Sick economies: drama, mercantilism, and disease in Shakespeare's England'' Jonathan Gil Harris p.152''ff'' ()〕 This collaboration has to be seen in the context of the wars of religions and the ongoing mortal battle between Protestantism and Catholicism.〔 At that time, Spain, Portugal, and France, which were implementing anti-Protestant policies, were the target of this Anglo-Muslim collaboration.〔 It also seems that English pirates, who had been active against Spain until 1604 when peace was signed with England, were still inclined to continue the fight and the depredations, although under the protection of a different state, to the embarrassment of the English Crown.〔〔''Mimesis and Empire: The New World, Islam, and European Identities'' Barbara Fuchs p.121 ()〕 Piracy in the ranks of the Muslim pirates of Barbary was also a way to find employment, after King James I formally proclaimed an end to privateering in June 1603. Further, abandoning England as well as their faith was often a way to financial success, as fortunes could be made by attacking Christian shipping.〔(''Traffic and turning: Islam and English drama, 1579-1624'' by Jonathan Burton p.103 )〕 By 1610, the wealth of English renegade pirates had become so famous as to become the object of plays, and the king offered Royal Pardon to those who wished to return.〔 Not only the English corsairs participated to this collaboration, but also the Dutch, who shared the same objectives.〔 Catholic ships were attacked and prisoners taken to Algiers or other places of the Barbary Coast to be sold as slaves.〔 The number of these English pirates was significant.〔 Jack Ward,〔 Henry Mainwaring,〔 Robert Walsingham and Peter Easton were among such English pirates in the service of the deys of the Barbary coast. Some of the most famous Dutch pirates were Zymen Danseker, Salomo de Veenboer and Jan Janszoon.〔 Some of them, such as Ward and Danseker, were "renegades" who had adopted Islam.〔〔 Mainwaring attacked the Spanish preferentially, and claimed that he avoided English shipping, but generally ships of all nationalities seem to have been attacked.〔 Walsingham is known to have freed Turkish captives from Christian galleys, and to have sold Christian captives on the North African slave market.〔 Janszoon led long-ranging raids such as the Turkish Abductions in Iceland to sell his slaves on the Barbary Coast.〔(''The Everything Pirates Book'' Barbara Karg, Arjean Spaite p.37 )〕 A contemporary letter states: Beyond the shared religious antagonism towards Catholicism, the Barbary States probably offered economic advantages as well as social mobility to Protestant pirates, as the Barbary States were a very cosmopolitan environment at that time.〔''Orientalism in early modern France'' by Ina Baghdiantz McCabe p.94''ff''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anglo-Turkish piracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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